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Lesson 6: と
In this lesson, I will teach you how to use particle と.
Function 1: Coordinate Relation
If you want to express something like “A and B”, you can use something like below.
Noun A + と + Noun B
Example Sentences:
| 私と彼は友達です。 I’m his friend. 田中さんと山田さんが来ました。 Mr. Tanaka and Mr. Yamada came. パソコンとスマホは高いです。 PCs and smartphones are expensive. 彼女と私の妹はかわいいです。 She and my sister are cute. |
Function 2: The Person/People You Do Something With
If you want to express that you do something with somebody, you can use something below.
Person/People + と + Verb
Example Sentences:
| 佐藤さんは鈴木さんと学校に行きました。 Mr. Sato went to school with Mr. Suzuki. 田中さんは山田さんと結婚しました。 Mr. Tanaka married Miss.Yamada. 敵と戦っている。 We are fighting with enemies. 友達と会いました。 I met with friends. 彼女は友達とゲームをやっています。 She is playing games with her friends. |
Function 3: The Object of Comparison
If you want to compare something, you can use something below.
Object of Comparison + と + Verb
Example Sentences:
| 彼と比べます。 I compare with him. 田中さんはお父さんと似ています。 Mr Tanaka looks like his father. あのかばんは私のかばんと同じです。 That bag is the same as my bag. このノートは私のノートと違います。 This notebook is different from my notebook. |
Function 4: Quote Contents
If you want to quote contents, you can use something like below.
quote contents + と + Verb
Example Sentences:
| 彼は「ありがとう」とお礼を言いました。 He thanked me by saying thank you. 健康になろうと祈る。 I wish to become healthy. 私は田中と申します。 My name is Tanaka. 朝起きたときに「おはようございます」と言うべきです。 When you wake up in the morning, you should say “Good morning.” この漢字は「やま」と読みます。 This kanji is read as “Yama”. |
Function 5: the Result of Change
If you want to express the result of change, you can use something like below.
Result + と + なる
Example Sentences:
| 氷が溶けて水となった。 The ice melted and became water. 先日の言葉が励みとなりました。 The words from the other day encouraged me. 母と二人きりでの生活となりました。 I lived alone with my mother. |
Note:
| ①Both と and に has the function of telling us the result of change，but に is often used in spoken Japanese and と is often used in written Japanese. ②と is often used to express that the decision is harder to be made. For example, The sentence below is often used to reject someone’s job application. In this sentence, because the speaker want to emphasize that the decision is hard to be made, so it’s better to use 【となりました】than 【になりました】. 社内で慎重に検討しましたが、 誠に残念ながら貴意に添えない結果と なりました。 Though we carefully considered it in our company, unfortunately we can’t meet your needs. Tip: 結果 means “result”. |
