Particle Course

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Marshall
Basic Course
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  • 11 lessons
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  • 96 week duration

Particle Course

Lesson 10: で

In this lesson, I will teach you how to use the particle で.


Function 1: The Place Where Something Happens

If you want to mark the place where something happens, you can use something below.

Place + で + Verb

Example Sentences:

学校がっこう日本語にほんご勉強べんきょうしています。
I’m learning Japanese in school.

公園こうえんコンサートあります。
There is a concert in the park.

しょくどうはんべます。
I eat rice in the cafeteria.

かれ会社かいしゃごとしています。
He works for a company.

彼女かのじょいえゲームやっています。
She plays games at home.

Note:

に is the place something exists,or the place you arrive at.
But で is the place the action happens(you take some actions here or something happens here),DO NOT confuse them.

に is a point but で is a scope.

Function 2: The Range in Which Things Hold

If you want to specify the range in which things hold, you can use で.

the range + で

Example Sentences:

この仕事しごと三日みっか完成かんせいできます。
This work can be done in three days.

かい一番いちばんながかわナイルがわです。
The longest river in the world is the Nile.

片道かたみち100ひゃくえん往復おうふく200にひゃくえんです。
One way is 100 yen and round trip is 200 yen.

これじゅうぶんです。
This is enough.

Function 3: Means and Methods

If you want to mark the means and methods you do something, you can use で.

means and methods + で + Verb

Example Sentences:

このペンかんいた。
I wrote kanji by this pen.

バス学校がっこうきます。
I will go to school by bus.

とうさんおおきいこえはなします。
Mr. Sato speaks loudly.

ほんかれはなします。
I will talk to him in Japanese.

数学すうがくこの問題もんだいきました。
I solved this problem with mathematics.

Function 4: The Reason

If you want to express the reason that something happened, you can use something like below.

Reason(Noun) + で + Something happened

Example Sentences:

かれびょうやすみました。
He had a rest because of the illness.

台風たいふう電車でんしゃおくれました。
The train was delayed because of the typhoon.

彼女かのじょ事故じこくなりました。
She died in an accident.

Function 5: The Number of People Who Take Actions

If you want to express the number of people who take actions, you can use something like below.

number of people + で + Verb

Example Sentences:

わたし一人ひとりんでいます。
I live by myself.

いつも1人ひとりべんきょうしています。
I always study alone.

ぞくぜんいんドライブしました。
I went for a drive with the whole family.

2人ふたり学校がっこうきました。
We went to school together.

3人さんにんチームみました。
I formed a team of 3 people.

Congratulations! You have finished Particle Course!
Now you can go back to the table of contents, or you can learn N5 Reading Course right away!

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6 thoughts on “Lesson 10: で

  1. What is the difference between に and で for the function of showing reason.

    0

    1. Admin bar avatar

      に is the reason for subjective things.(such as 自信をつけた)
      で is the the reason for objective things.

      0

  2. Can I say 彼は寝坊したので遅れた? The reason for function 4 has to be a noun?

    0

    1. Admin bar avatar

      Yes! It’s right, But ~ので itself can be used to express reasons.

      0

  3. Why is で not applicable to 行く?Is it because 行く marks destination, so it has to be に?

    1+

    1. Admin bar avatar

      yes!

      2+

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