Particle Course

Teacher

Marshall

Lesson 10: で

In this lesson, I will teach you how to use the particle で.

Function 1: The Place Where Something Happens

If you want to mark the place where something happens, you can use something below.

Place + で + Verb

Example Sentences:

学校がっこうで日本語にほんごを勉強べんきょうしています。
I’m learning Japanese in school.

公園こうえんでコンサートがあります。
There is a concert in the park.

食しょく堂どうでご飯はんを食たべます。
I eat rice in the cafeteria.

彼かれは会社かいしゃで仕し事ごとをしています。
He works for a company.

彼女かのじょは家いえでゲームをやっています。
She plays games at home.

Note:

に is the place something exists，or the place you arrive at.
But で is the place the action happens（you take some actions here or something happens here），DO NOT confuse them.

に is a point but で is a scope.

Function 2: The Range in Which Things Hold

If you want to specify the range in which things hold, you can use で.

the range + で

Example Sentences:

この仕事しごとは三日みっかで完成かんせいできます。
This work can be done in three days.

世せ界かいで一番いちばん長ながい川かわはナイル川がわです。
The longest river in the world is the Nile.

片道かたみちで100ひゃく円えん、往復おうふくで200にひゃく円えんです。
One way is 100 yen and round trip is 200 yen.

これで十じゅう分ぶんです。
This is enough.

Function 3: Means and Methods

If you want to mark the means and methods you do something, you can use で.

means and methods + で + Verb

Example Sentences:

このペンで漢かん字じを書かいた。
I wrote kanji by this pen.

バスで学校がっこうに行いきます。
I will go to school by bus.

佐さ藤とうさんは大おおきい声こえで話はなします。
Mr. Sato speaks loudly.

日に本ほん語ごで彼かれと話はなします。
I will talk to him in Japanese.

数学すうがくでこの問題もんだいを解ときました。
I solved this problem with mathematics.

Function 4: The Reason

If you want to express the reason that something happened, you can use something like below.

Reason(Noun) + で + Something happened

Example Sentences:

彼かれは病びょう気きで休やすみました。
He had a rest because of the illness.

台風たいふうで電車でんしゃが遅おくれました。
The train was delayed because of the typhoon.

彼女かのじょは事故じこで亡なくなりました。
She died in an accident.

Function 5: The Number of People Who Take Actions

If you want to express the number of people who take actions, you can use something like below.

number of people + で + Verb

Example Sentences:

私わたしは一人ひとりで住すんでいます。
I live by myself.

いつも1人ひとりで勉べん強きょうしています。
I always study alone.

家か族ぞく全ぜん員いんでドライブしました。
I went for a drive with the whole family.

2人ふたりで学校がっこうに行いきました。
We went to school together.

3人さんにんでチームを組くみました。
I formed a team of 3 people.

Congratulations! You have finished Particle Course!
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