| Word | Reading | Meaning |
| 悪循環 | あくじゅんかん | a vicious circle；〔更に悪くなっていくこと〕a vicious spiral |
| 高賃金と高物価の悪循環 a vicious circle [spiral] of 「rising wages and rising prices [wage and price hikes] |
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| Word | Reading | Meaning |
| 悪循環 | あくじゅんかん | a vicious circle；〔更に悪くなっていくこと〕a vicious spiral |
| 高賃金と高物価の悪循環 a vicious circle [spiral] of 「rising wages and rising prices [wage and price hikes] |